| Coverage
Inmarsat Global HQ on Old Street, London. (January 2006)There are 3 types of coverage related to each Inmarsat satellite.
Global beam coverage. Each satellite is equipped with a single global beam that covers up to one-third of the Earth's surface, apart from the poles. In general, global beam coverage extends from latitudes of -78 to +78 degrees regardless of longitude.
Wide spot beam coverage. It relates to the overlap of the wide spot beams (a set of narrower beams creating a coverage pattern). Wide spot beam coverage is optimised for covering most areas of interest to Inmarsat's customers and is thus somewhat limited in comparison to global beam coverage. This coverage was introduced with the I-3 satellites. Each I-4 satellite provides 19 wide spot beams.
Narrow spot beam coverage. It relates to the overlap of the narrow spot beams (a set of very narrow beams creating a coverage pattern). Narrow spot beam coverage is designed to form the backbone of Inmarsat's broadband services, including the Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN). This coverage is introduced with the I-4 satellites. Each I-4 satellite provides 228 narrow spot beams.
Satellites
Inmarsat-4 satellites
Inmarsat-4F1 / Coverage: IOR / 64 degrees East longitude / Launched on an Atlas rocket on 11 March 2005. This satellite suppports BGAN and Regional BGAN services only.
Inmarsat-4 F2 / Coverage: AOR-West / 53 degrees West Longitude / Launched on a Sea-Launch rocket 8 November 2005 14:07 GMT. This satellite supports nearly all Inmarsat services.
Inmarsat-4 F3 has been completed and is awaiting launch.
Inmarsat-3 satellites
Inmarsat-3F1 / Coverage: IOR / 65 degrees East longitude / Launched with Atlas Centaur IIA on 3 April 1996. This satellite is used for existing and evolved services only.
Inmarsat-3F2 / Coverage: AOR-E / 15.5 degrees West longitude / Launched with Proton D-1-E on 6 September 1996. This satellite is used for existing and evolved services only.
Inmarsat-3F3 / Coverage: POR / 178 degrees East longitude / Launched with Atlas Centaur IIA on 17 December 1996. This satellite is used for existing and evolved services only.
Inmarsat-3F4 / Coverage: PAC-C / 142 degrees West longitude / Launched with Ariane 4 (V97) on 3 June 1997. This satellite is used for various leases.
Inmarsat-3F5 / Spare (AOR-W) / 54 degrees West longitude / Launched with Ariane 4 (V105) on 4 February 1998.
Inmarsat-2 satellites
These satellites are primarily used for leases.
Inmarsat-2F1, launched October 1990, expected operational life 2010
Inmarsat-2F2, launched March 1991, expected operational life 2010
Inmarsat-2F3, launched December 1991, decommissioned 2006
Inmarsat-2F4, launched April 1992, expected operational life 2016
Country codes
The telephone country codes for calling Inmarsat destinations are:
870 SNAC (Single Network Access Code)
871 Atlantic Ocean Region – East (AOR-E)
872 Pacific Ocean Region (POR)
873 Indian Ocean Region (IOR)
874 Atlantic Ocean Region – West (AOR-W)
The 870 SNAC number is actually a locator service so that you don't have to know to which satellite the destination Inmarsat terminal is logged in. SNAC however doesn't support calls to Inmarsat-A terminals.
The other four country codes correspond to the areas which Inmarsat satellites cover (normally one satellite per area). These areas are commonly called "Ocean Regions".
Networks
Inmarsat has gradually developed a series of networks providing certain sets of services (most networks support multiple services). They are grouped into two sets, existing and evolved services, and IP-based services. Existing and evolved services are offered through Land Earth Stations which are not owned nor operated by Inmarsat, but through companies which have a commercial agreement with Inmarsat. IP-based services are provided via distribution partners but the satellite gateways are owned and operated by Inmarsat directly.
IP-based shared-carrier services, as follows:
Regional BGAN: RBGAN offers a shared-channel IP packet-switched service of up to 144 kbit/s based on GPRS technology. Coverage is limited to parts of Europe, Asia, Africa & Australia. The new Inmarsat-4 satellite for the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has taken over RBGAN service from the Thuraya satellite. The new Inmarsat-4 satellite for AOR-West now provides service to South America and the Western edges of Europe and Africa, however no service is offered to North or Central America. Inmarsat have announced the closure of the RBGAN service on December 31, 2008.
BGAN: Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN) benefits from the new I-4 satellites to offer a shared-channel IP packet-switched service of up to 492 kbit/s (uplink and downlink speeds may differ and depend on terminal model) and a streaming-IP service from 32 up to 256 kbit/s (services depend on terminal model). Certain terminals also offer circuit-switched Mobile ISDN services at 64 kbit/s and even low speed (4.8 kbit/s) voice etc services. BGAN service is available on the IOR satellite and AOR-West satellite, with POR service planned for 2007. The BGAN family includes SwiftBroadband, a service planned for aircraft, and FleetBroadband, a service planned for ships and the maritime community.
|